{"id":10961,"date":"2025-03-27T13:18:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/?p=10961"},"modified":"2025-03-31T13:18:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T10:18:29","slug":"reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming","title":{"rendered":"Reducing Emissions of \u2018Super Pollutants\u2019 Would Slam Emergency Brake on Global Warming"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A small group of climate pollutants\u2013 including the air pollutants black carbon, methane, and ozone \u2013 are responsible for nearly\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2123536119#sec-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half\u00a0<\/a>of global temperature increases to date.<\/p>\n<p>Reducing these emissions, which only remain in the atmosphere for a few weeks to decades, could serve as the \u201cemergency brake\u201d critical to halting runaway climate change, said experts Monday on the eve of the second WHO Air Pollution and Health\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/halving-deaths-from-air-pollution-is-the-centeral-aim-of-who-conference\/\">Conference<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although these pollutants exert enormous 20-year climate-warming potential that is 80 to 2,000 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2) per ton of emissions, their lifespan is far shorter than CO2, which remains in the atmosphere for a century or more.<\/p>\n<p>These pollutants are also projected to continue warming the climate with greater potency than CO2 over the next century.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you reduce them today, we\u2019ll see impacts in our lifetimes,\u201d said Claire Henly, executive director of the Super Pollutant Field Catalyst, a US start-up NGO, at a media briefing ahead of the\u00a0conference.<\/p>\n<p>While CO2 has received the overwhelming amount of climate mitigation attention, Henly and others argued that addressing a class of \u201csuper pollutant\u201d greenhouse gases and particles, also known as \u201cshort-lived <a title=\"Heat insurance offers climate change lifeline to poor workers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/heat-insurance-offers-climate-change-lifeline-to-poor-workers\">climate pollutants,\u201d offers<\/a> the greatest opportunity to have a rapid, and meaningful impact on both health and climate.<\/p>\n<p>Henly and others identified ozone, black carbon, and methane as super pollutants because of their wide-ranging impacts on food security, health, and <a title=\"Climate Change\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/climate-change\">climate change<\/a>. Slowing the rate of <a title=\"Adaptation to Climate Change\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/adaptation-to-climate-change\">climate change<\/a> would make it easier for the \u201cworld to adapt to climate change,\u201d said Henly.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Nexus_of_climate_change_air_pollution_and_health\">Nexus of climate change, air pollution and health<\/span><\/h3><div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">Contents<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#Nexus_of_climate_change_air_pollution_and_health\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">1<\/span> Nexus of climate change, air pollution and health<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Agricultural_sector_is_getting_more_attention\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">2<\/span> Agricultural sector is getting more attention<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Methane_emissions_from_agriculture_harder_to_track\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">3<\/span> Methane emissions from agriculture harder to track<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Ozone_chokes_crops\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">4<\/span> Ozone chokes crops<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Black_carbon_and_snowmelt\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">5<\/span> Black carbon and snowmelt\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Regulation_and_action\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">6<\/span> Regulation and action<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Super-pollutants_movement\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">7<\/span> Super-pollutants \u2018movement\u2019<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<p>It is also the nexus where health, climate, and <a title=\"Urgent call: States must act now on Climate Change, Food Security, and Health\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/urgent-call-states-must-act-now-on-climate-change-food-security-and-health\">food security<\/a> concerns directly converge \u2013 leading scientists to dub them \u201csuper pollutants\u201d precisely due to those wide-ranging impacts.<\/p>\n<p>Black carbon is a sub-component of dangerous particulate matter, associated with some 7 million deaths annually from <a title=\"Uganda takes bold steps against air pollution and climate change\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/uganda-takes-bold-steps-against-air-pollution-and-climate-change\">air pollution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ground-level ozone, formed as pollutants emitted by vehicles, industry and waste, is a leading factor in respiratory illness, particularly asthma, as well as damaging some\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S163107130700226X#bib1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90%<\/a>\u00a0of global crop production every year. Methane, emitted by waste dumps, agriculture, and oil and gas flaring, is a leading precursor to ozone formation.<\/p>\n<p>Slowing <a title=\"Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions\">emissions would also slow the rate of climate change<\/a>, buying time for the world to transition to cleaner energy sources and other longer-range climate solutions, said Henly.<\/p>\n<p>Two leading super pollutant gases, methane and nitrous oxides (N2Ox), are formally recognized in the Paris climate agreement as powerful greenhouse drivers with a climate forcing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/news\/super-pollutants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potential that is\u00a0<\/a>80, and 270, times more than CO2 respectively in the next 20 years. But black carbon is ignored, leading to a fragmented approach.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_123466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123466\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-123466 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart-1024x590.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart-1536x885.png 1536w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart.png 1733w\" alt=\"Super pollutants sources chart\" width=\"1024\" height=\"590\" data-attachment-id=\"123466\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/super-pollutants-chart\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart.png?fit=1733%2C998&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1733,998\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Super pollutants chart\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart.png?fit=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-chart.png?fit=640%2C369&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-123466\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compared to carbon dioxide, super pollutants exert stronger climate warming in both the short and longterm, but drop out of the atmosphere faster.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Similarly, the shared concerns of <a title=\"How the private sector can address climate change\u2019s impact on health\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/how-the-private-sector-can-address-climate-changes-impact-on-health\">climate and health sectors<\/a> around super pollutant emissions are often siloed, said Sergio Sanchez, senior policy director at the Environmental Defense Fund. Greater recognition of super pollutants as detrimental to both health and climate could help break through the barriers to more <a title=\"Support for Climate Action\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/support-for-climate-action\">climate action<\/a>, he said.<\/p>\n<p>Reducing these pollutants could\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2123536119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avoid\u00a0<\/a>four times more warming by 2050, as opposed to decarbonization policies alone \u2013 and also prevent some 2.4 million\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/515335a#:~:text=Studies4%252C5%2520estimate%2520that%2520rigorous%2520reductions%2520of%2520global,if%2520CO2%2520and%2520SLCP%2520mitigation%2520are%2520combined6.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deaths\u00a0<\/a>a year from air pollution.<\/p>\n<p>Yet emissions of super pollutants, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/515335a#:~:text=Studies4%252C5%2520estimate%2520that%2520rigorous%2520reductions%2520of%2520global,if%2520CO2%2520and%2520SLCP%2520mitigation%2520are%2520combined6.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methane<\/a>, are currently on the rise.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Agricultural_sector_is_getting_more_attention\"><b>Agricultural sector is getting more attention<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_121115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-121115\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-121115 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning-1024x768.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning.jpg 1600w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-attachment-id=\"121115\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/new-pakistani-super-seeders-show-promise-in-curbing-rice-stubble-burning-but-uptake-too-slow-to-clear-smog-this-year\/crop-burning\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning.jpg?fit=1600%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1730984705&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Crop Burning\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Punjab environmental officers put out fires set by Pakistani farmers in Province \u2013 an annual ritual on both sides of the border that leaves the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain shrouded in smoke. &lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Crop-Burning.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-121115\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Punjab environmental officers put out fires set by Pakistani farmers in Province, an annual ritual on both sides of the border that leaves the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain shrouded in smoke.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Most attention on super pollutants has focused on methane leaks from the <a title=\"Record Trillion in Fossil Fuel Subsidies\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/record-7-trillion-in-fossil-fuel-subsidies\">fossil fuel<\/a> industry. These occur at nearly every stage of the extraction and production cycle, with natural gas flaring the most glaring example of methane emissions.<\/p>\n<p>However, another key source of potent methane <a title=\"Agriculture Dept. to Invest 0M in Measuring Greenhouse Emissions\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/agriculture-dept-to-invest-300m-in-measuring-greenhouse-emissions\">emissions is the agricultural<\/a> sector, which accounts for\u00a0 40% of global human-made methane emissions, with livestock, rice cultivation and crop debris being key sources.<\/p>\n<p>People often forget the fact that in some regions, such as the European Union, the agricultural sector accounts for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">54%<\/a>\u00a0of methane emissions, noted Pierpaulo Mudu, WHO scientist.<\/p>\n<p>Another 34% of global methane emissions comes from fossil fuels and 19% from rotting urban and household solid waste. Some methane is also emitted by natural sources, such as peat bogs and wetlands. Overall, two-thirds of global methane emissions come from human activities, according to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalcarbonproject.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Global Carbon Project.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Methane_emissions_from_agriculture_harder_to_track\">Methane emissions from agriculture harder to track<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Methane emissions from agriculture, however, are much harder to track and monitor than emissions from the oil and gas sector.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn agriculture, these pollutants are not emitted in high concentrations,\u201d said Henly.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe emissions are distributed, and the kind of detection, whether it\u2019s through on the ground sensors or remote detection, is just a bit more challenging than in the oil and gas coal sectors.<\/p>\n<p>Whereas previously, only big methane spikes or leaks from oil and gas installations could be detected, that is changing now, Henly said.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, new technology, in the form of higher resolution satellite imaging, has opened the way for more granular estimates from sources like agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>This week\u2019s WHO conference will therefore feature the first session ever about the links between methane emissions in agriculture, climate, and health.\u00a0 Solutions that can be promoted,, <a title=\"Livestock farming worsens climate change, says expert\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/livestock-farming-worsens-climate-change-says-expert\">experts say<\/a>, include biogas capture from anaerobic digestion of crop waste and manure as well as improved compost management \u2013 so that methane gas is not produced at all.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-123514 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792-1024x955.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792-1024x955.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792-300x280.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792-768x716.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792.jpeg 1042w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"955\" data-attachment-id=\"123514\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/whatsapp-image-2025-03-25-at-18-30-00\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792.jpeg?fit=1042%2C972&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1042,972\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Air pollution impact on agriculture\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792.jpeg?fit=300%2C280&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.30.00-e1742932775792.jpeg?fit=640%2C597&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Ozone_chokes_crops\"><b>Ozone chokes crops<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>But <a title=\"Agriculture\u2019s impact on climate and biodiversity\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/agricultures-impact-on-climate-and-biodiversity\">agriculture is also impacted<\/a> by super pollutants, particularly ozone. It\u2019s now estimated that ozone leads to a loss of 12% of wheat, 16% of soybean, 4% of rice, and 5% of corn production every year.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo we can see that the super pollutants are a real growing threat to food security,\u201d said Rachel Huxley, Head of <a title=\"Restoring and Mitigating Climate Change Effects on Forest Biodiversity\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/restoring-and-mitigating-climate-change-effects-on-forest-biodiversity\">Climate Mitigation<\/a> and Health at Wellcome Trust.<\/p>\n<p>Ground level ozone (O3) is a product of the vicious cycle of super pollutant formation. Gases produced by cars and industry, crop and waste incineration, interact in sunlight, leading to ozone\u2019s creation.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike the \u201cgood\u201d layers of stratospheric ozone that protect the planet and people from harmful ultraviolet radiation levels, ground level ozone is harmful to crop production as well as human health.<\/p>\n<p>Inhaling ozone leads to respiratory and a host of other health issues. And when over farmland, the pollutant can dramatically disrupt staple crop growth, according to a 2025 report by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanairfund.org\/news-item\/greenhouse-gas-tropospheric-ozone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Air Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This week, for the first time ever, WHO is convening a meeting on agriculture, air pollution, climate and health, with the hopes of drawing more attention to these linkages within health and environment circles.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEveryone is obsessed with transport,\u201d said Mudu, the WHO <a title=\"Scientist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/scientist\">scientist<\/a> leading the session. \u201cBecause of the visibility of the black smoke, but there are many different sources of air pollution with many sorts of invisible gases.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Black_carbon_and_snowmelt\"><b>Black carbon and snowmelt\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_111614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-111614\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-111614 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-1024x349.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-1024x349.png 1024w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-768x262.png 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-1536x523.png 1536w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM-2048x698.png 2048w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"349\" data-attachment-id=\"111614\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/heatwaves-air-pollution-worsening-ncd-burden-say-experts-at-cop28\/screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2-38-14-pm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM.png?fit=2636%2C898&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2636,898\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screenshot 2023-11-30 at 2.38.14 PM\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A traditional brick factory in Tozeur, southern Tunisia. In Africa and South Asia brick making and waste burning are major sources of air pollution, including black carbon emissions.\u00a0&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM.png?fit=300%2C102&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-11-30-at-2.38.14-PM.png?fit=640%2C218&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-111614\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A traditional brick factory in southern Tunisia. In Africa and South Asia brick making and waste burning are major sources of black <a title=\"Managing the Eastern Arc Mountain forests for Carbon credits and emission trading; Local knowledge and climate change adaptation project (2007 \u2013 to date).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/research\/managing-the-eastern-arc-mountain-forests-for-carbon-credits-and-emission-trading-local-knowledge-and-climate-change-adaptation-project-2007-to-date\">carbon emissions<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On the other side of the coin, when urban and household waste or crop debris is burned, rather than left to rot, it produces smoke \u2013 a mixture of gases and particles, including black carbon.<\/p>\n<p>The burning of rice crop debris regularly envelopes <a title=\"Climate change wreaks havoc through large parts of Africa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/climate-change-wreaks-havoc-through-large-parts-of-africa\">large parts<\/a> of the Indian subcontinent in billowy smoke every autumn. Burning of household and urban solid <a title=\"Funding: Waste Management in Developing Countries\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/funding-waste-management-in-developing-countries\">waste is also a common practice in many developing<\/a> regions.<\/p>\n<p>Waste burning, together with the use of wood and charcoal for household cooking and heating, as well as in traditional brick kilns, cast a chronic pallor of smoke or smog over cities and farmland in many other low- and even middle-income regions of the world \u2013 also contributing to the formation of ozone.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_123515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123515\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-123515 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22.jpeg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22.jpeg 915w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22-300x151.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22-768x386.jpeg 768w\" alt=\"super pollutants\" width=\"915\" height=\"460\" data-attachment-id=\"123515\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/whatsapp-image-2025-03-25-at-18-37-22\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22.jpeg?fit=915%2C460&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"915,460\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Super pollutants\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22.jpeg?fit=300%2C151&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-25-at-18.37.22.jpeg?fit=640%2C322&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-123515\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Super pollutants exist at the nexus of climate and air quality, making them cost effective pollutants to target.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But the tiny specks of black contained in the smoke do even more harm than other types of fine particles. They accelerate <a title=\"Call for expressions of interest: Regional hubs for climate change and health\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/call-for-expressions-of-interest-regional-hubs-for-climate-change-and-health\">climate change in mountain regions<\/a>, where they settle on snow and ice, absorbing additional sunlight and thus increasing snow and ice melt.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists estimate that\u00a0 black carbon is responsible for 39% of glacier melt in certain Himalayan glaciers, and there are similar impacts being observed in the Himalayas, Alps, Andes and the Rockies, according to a 2025\u00a0 Clean Air Fund\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanairfund.org\/news-item\/black-carbon-new-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Locally, glacier melt reduces the reliability of <a title=\"Capacity building on forest conservation and management of water sources in mount Lugala and mount Mosi village land forest reserves in Iringa Rural District (2013-2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/research\/capacity-building-on-forest-conservation-and-management-of-water-sources-in-mount-lugala-and-mount-mosi-village-land-forest-reserves-in-iringa-rural-district-2013-2015\">water sources that rural<\/a> regions of Nepal and northern India rely on for crop irrigation as well as domestic use.<\/p>\n<p>But there are global implications as well. It is a major reason that the Arctic is warming four times faster than other parts of the world, increasing the chances of \u201cdangerous <a title=\"Climate Change\u2019s Social Tipping Points: For Better or Worse\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/climate-changes-social-tipping-points-for-better-or-worse\">climate tipping points<\/a> being breached,\u201d the report stated.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Regulation_and_action\"><b>Regulation and action<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_123532\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123532\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-123532\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1-1024x574.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1-1024x574.png 1024w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1-1536x860.png 1536w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1.png 1723w\" alt=\"super pollutants\" width=\"829\" height=\"465\" data-attachment-id=\"123532\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/super-pollutants-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1.png?fit=1723%2C965&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1723,965\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Super pollutants\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Often \u201cforgotten\u201d as potent drivers of climate change and poor health, super pollutants contribute to nearly half of warming.&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1.png?fit=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Super-pollutants-1.png?fit=640%2C359&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-123532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Often \u201cforgotten\u201d as potent drivers of climate change and poor health, super pollutants contribute to nearly half of warming.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Regulation of super pollutants is challenging \u2013 because so many pollutants, and sectors, are involved. In the case of ground level ozone, as well, the pollution is not emitted directly, but rather is a product of reactions between methane, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. So the precursors need to be regulated.<\/p>\n<p>Despite such complexities, the fact that black carbon as well as methane, ozone and other powerful short-lived gases \u2013 only reside in the atmosphere for weeks to decades, makes Huxley hopeful that policymakers can see the \u201ceconomic sense\u201d in cutting back on such emissions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is one of the most effective ways to keep 1.5\u00baC alive,\u201d she said, referring to the Paris <a title=\"Cities of grass: how bamboo buildings can advance climate goals\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/cities-of-grass-how-bamboo-buildings-can-advance-climate-goals\">climate agreement goal<\/a>. \u201cThis is our emergency brake on <a title=\"Trees and People: Resilience in a Changing Climate \u2013 John G. Bene Fellowship 2020\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/trees-and-people-resilience-in-a-changing-climate-john-g-bene-fellowship-2020\">climate<\/a> change.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Global Methane Pledge aimed at reducing the gas, was launched at COP26 by the United States and the European Union and has so far been supported\u00a0 by over 150 countries,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/cop26-africas-methane-gamble\/\">including over two dozen African<\/a>\u00a0nations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMethane has been globally recognized as a super pollutant since COP26, thanks to the <a title=\"UK \u2013 France Global Roadmap launched to mobilise global nature finance\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/uk-france-global-roadmap-launched-to-mobilise-global-nature-finance\">launch of the Methane Global<\/a> Pledge and the commitments made by countries since then,\u201d said\u00a0Elisa Puzzolo, Super Pollutants policy manager at the Clean Air Fund.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNow, is the time to raise our ambition and address all super pollutants, including black carbon and troposheric ozone, to <a title=\"Call for applications: International Climate Protection Fellowships\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/call-for-applications-international-climate-protection-fellowships\">protect the climate<\/a>, safeguard public health, and support most-affected regions and communities.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Super-pollutants_movement\">Super-pollutants \u2018movement\u2019<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_123521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-123521\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-123521\" src=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt-1007x1024.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt-1007x1024.jpg 1007w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt-768x781.jpg 768w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt-1511x1536.jpg 1511w, https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt.jpg 1573w\" alt=\"air pollution quilt\" width=\"640\" height=\"651\" data-attachment-id=\"123521\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/air-pollution-quilt\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt.jpg?fit=1573%2C1599&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1573,1599\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"air pollution quilt\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;cartagena 2025 air pollution&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Air pollution impacts the most vulnerable, including children showcased in a quilt from the Indian advocacy group Warrior Moms. &lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt.jpg?fit=295%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/air-pollution-quilt.jpg?fit=640%2C651&amp;ssl=1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-123521\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Air pollution impacts the most vulnerable, including children showcased in a quilt from the Indian advocacy group Warrior Moms.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What Wellcome and the Clean Air Fund want to foster is a more coordinated super-pollutants \u201cmovement\u201d that cuts across sectors \u2013 together with the UN Enviroment Programme-hosted <a title=\"Climate Technology Initiative \u2014 Funding for Climate or Clean Energy Projects\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/climate-technology-initiative-funding-for-climate-or-clean-energy-projects\">Climate and Clean<\/a> Air Coalition.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSolutions are proven,\u201d Puzzolo said. For super-pollutants though, the regulatory landscape is a bit more complicated. Black carbon, though harmful to health and the climate, is not included in the Paris Climate agreement because it is a particle.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cReducing black carbon, alongside other super pollutants, is the fastest, most effective <a title=\"Study finds simple, cheap way to use forests to slow global climate change\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/study-finds-simple-cheap-way-to-use-forests-to-slow-global-climate-change\">way to slow climate change<\/a>, while also mitigating the enormous health impacts of air pollution,\u201d said Jane Burston, CEO of the Clean Air Fund. \u201cYet to date not enough has been done.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAction on short-lived <a title=\"Dreaming big on climate action means finding the money to pay for it\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/dreaming-big-on-climate-action-means-finding-the-money-to-pay-for-it\">climate<\/a> pollutants is a matter of time and temperature,\u201d said Martina Otto, head of the secretariat at the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, which was founded over a decade ago specifically to spearhead awareness and action on superpollutants.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey have a higher warming potential than CO2 and don\u2019t accumulate in the atmosphere. Cutting them turns down the heat within decades and reduces air pollution now. A double dividend that we cannot afford to miss.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"image-credits\">Image Credits:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO\/Diego Rodriguez<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. Fletcher\/HPW<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/news\/super-pollutants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate and Clean Air Coalition<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Punjab Enviornment Department<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate and Clean Air Coalition<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/healthpolicy-watch.news\/reducing-emissions-of-super-pollutants-would-slam-emergency-brake-on-global-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A. Bose\/HPW<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A small group of climate pollutants\u2013 including the air pollutants black carbon, methane, and ozone \u2013 are responsible for nearly\u00a0half\u00a0of global temperature increases to date. Reducing these emissions, which only remain in the atmosphere for a few weeks to decades, could serve as the \u201cemergency brake\u201d critical to halting runaway climate change, said experts Monday [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10961"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10967,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10961\/revisions\/10967"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}