{"id":9253,"date":"2024-02-13T22:12:46","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T19:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/?p=9253"},"modified":"2024-02-13T22:13:38","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T19:13:38","slug":"protect-old-forests-to-slow-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/protect-old-forests-to-slow-climate-change","title":{"rendered":"Protect old forests to slow climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Forests are an essential part of Earth\u2019s operating system. They reduce the buildup of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and land degradation\u00a0by 30% each year. This slows global temperature increases and the\u00a0resulting changes to the climate. In the U.S., forests take up\u00a012% of the nation\u2019s <a title=\"Agriculture Dept. to Invest 0M in Measuring Greenhouse Emissions\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/agriculture-dept-to-invest-300m-in-measuring-greenhouse-emissions\">greenhouse gas emissions<\/a> annually\u00a0and store the carbon long term in trees and soils.<\/p>\n<p>Mature and old-growth forests, with larger <a title=\"What we owe our trees\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/what-we-owe-our-trees\">trees<\/a> than younger forests, play an outsized role in accumulating carbon and\u00a0keeping it out of the atmosphere. These <a title=\"Call for consultancy services: recruitment of experts to review and synthesise information on the nexus between climate change, forests and trees\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/call-for-consultancy-services-recruitment-of-experts-to-review-and-synthesise-information-on-the-nexus-between-climate-change-forests-and-trees\">forests are especially\u00a0resistant to wildfires and other natural disturbances\u00a0as the climate<\/a> warms.<\/p>\n<p>Most forests in the continental U.S. have been harvested multiple times. Today, just 3.9% of timberlands across the U.S., in <a title=\"New publication\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/new-publication\">public<\/a> and private hands,\u00a0are over 100 years old, and most of these areas hold relatively little carbon compared with their potential.<\/p>\n<p>The Biden administration is moving to\u00a0improve <a title=\"Field Practical Training in Forest protection and Ecological restoration at Kimboza Forest Reserve\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/field-practical-training-in-forest-protection-and-ecological-restoration-at-kimboza-forest-reserve\">protection for old-growth and mature forests\u00a0on<\/a> federal land, which we see as a welcome step. But this involves regulatory changes that will likely take several years to complete. Meanwhile, existing <a title=\"Call for Proposals \u2013 Forest Management Planning for Village Land Forest Reserves\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/call-for-proposals-forest-management-planning-for-village-land-forest-reserves\">forest management<\/a> plans that allow logging of these important old, large trees remain in place.<\/p>\n<p>As scientists who have spent decades studying\u00a0forest ecosystems\u00a0and\u00a0the <a title=\"GMES &amp; Africa Strengthens Synergy with PolicyMakers to Address Climate Change Effects through EO Technologies\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/gmes-africa-strengthens-synergy-with-policymakers-to-address-climate-change-effects-through-eo-technologies\">effects of climate change<\/a>, we believe that it is essential to start protecting carbon storage in these forests. In our view, there is ample scientific evidence to justify an immediate moratorium on logging mature and old-growth <a title=\"Request for Proposal on Analysis of Public Sector Climate, Forest, and Land Use Strategies and Determination of Investment Readiness Score\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/request-for-proposal-on-analysis-of-public-sector-climate-forest-and-land-use-strategies-and-determination-of-investment-readiness-score\">forests on federal lands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unlocking the Secrets of Mature and Old Growth Forests:NASA&#039;s GEDI Instrument Reveals Global Insight\" width=\"1150\" height=\"647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZdEIqV5QswE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Federal action to protect mature and old-growth forests<br \/>\n<\/strong>A week after his inauguration in 2021, President Joe Biden issued an executive order that set a goal of\u00a0conserving at least 30%\u00a0of U.S. lands and waters by 2030 to address what the order called \u201ca profound climate crisis.\u201d In 2022, Biden recognized the climate importance of mature and old-growth forests for a healthy climate and\u00a0called for <a title=\"Oklahoma City Zoo &amp; Botanical Garden: Conservation Grants 2023\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/oklahoma-city-zoo-botanical-garden-conservation-grants-2023\">conserving<\/a> them\u00a0on federal lands.<\/p>\n<p>Most recently, in December 2023, the U.S. <a title=\"Consultancy services on assessment of forest planning and management in different forest types in selected African countries\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/consultancy-services-on-assessment-of-forest-planning-and-management-in-different-forest-types-in-selected-african-countries\">Forest Service announced that it was\u00a0evaluating the effects\u00a0of amending management<\/a> plans for 128 U.S. national forests to better protect mature and old-growth stands \u2013 the first time any administration has taken this kind of action.<\/p>\n<p>These actions seek to make existing old-growth forests more resilient; preserve ecological benefits that they provide, such as habitat for threatened and <a title=\"Endangered Species Fund\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/endangered-species-fund\">endangered species; establish new areas where\u00a0old-growth conditions\u00a0can develop; and monitor the forests\u2019 condition over time<\/a>. The amended national <a title=\"Research Assistant Manager (Forester)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/research-assistant-manager-forester\">forest management<\/a> plans also would prohibit logging old-growth trees for mainly economic purposes \u2013 that is, producing timber. Harvesting trees would be permitted for other reasons, such as thinning to reduce <a title=\"Clearing the ridge: Fire for forest health and resilient communities\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/clearing-the-ridge-fire-for-forest-health-and-resilient-communities\">fire<\/a> severity in hot, dry regions where fires occur more frequently.<\/p>\n<p>Remarkably, however, logging is hardly considered in the <a title=\"AstraZeneca expands global AZ Forest initiative to boost ecological and community resilience in Ghana and Rwanda\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/astrazeneca-expands-global-az-forest-initiative-to-boost-ecological-and-community-resilience-in-ghana-and-rwanda\">Forest Service\u2019s\u00a0initial<\/a> analysis, although studies show that it causes greater carbon losses than wildfires and pest infestations.<\/p>\n<p>In one analysis across 11 western U.S. states, researchers calculated total aboveground tree <a title=\"The story behind a Carbon Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/the-story-behind-a-carbon-credit\">carbon<\/a> loss from logging, beetle infestations and fire between 2003 and 2012 and found that\u00a0logging accounted for half of it. Across the states of California, Oregon and Washington, harvest-related carbon emissions between 2001 and 2016 averaged\u00a0five times the emissions\u00a0from <a title=\"Wildfire risk goes up where trees and shrubs replace grasses\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/wildfire-risk-goes-up-where-trees-and-shrubs-replace-grasses\">wildfires<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A 2016 study found that nationwide, between 2006 and 2010, total carbon <a title=\"Trends and projections: limited rebound in EU emissions amid post-pandemic recovery and energy crisis\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/trends-and-projections-limited-rebound-in-eu-emissions-amid-post-pandemic-recovery-and-energy-crisis\">emissions<\/a> from logging were\u00a0comparable to emissions from all U.S. coal plants, or to direct emissions from the entire building sector.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\"><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Logging pressure<br \/>\n<\/strong>Federal lands are used for multiple purposes, including biodiversity and water quality protection, recreation, mining, grazing and timber production. Sometimes, these uses can conflict with one another \u2013 for <a title=\"Emergency Funding for Conservation\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/emergency-funding-for-conservation\">example,\u00a0conservation<\/a> and logging..<\/p>\n<p>Legal mandates to manage land for multiple uses do not explicitly consider <a title=\"Grassroots Multilateralism for Tackling Climate Change and Beyond\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/grassroots-multilateralism-for-tackling-climate-change-and-beyond\">climate change<\/a>, and federal agencies\u00a0have not consistently factored climate change science\u00a0into their plans. Early in 2023, however, the White House\u00a0Council on Environmental Quality\u00a0directed federal agencies to consider the <a title=\"GMES &amp; Africa Strengthens Synergy with PolicyMakers to Address Climate Change Effects through EO Technologies\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/gmes-africa-strengthens-synergy-with-policymakers-to-address-climate-change-effects-through-eo-technologies\">effects of climate change<\/a> when they\u00a0propose major federal actions\u00a0that significantly affect the environment.<\/p>\n<p>Multiple large logging <a title=\"Call for Projects 2023\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/call-for-projects-2023\">projects<\/a> on public land clearly qualify as major federal actions, but many thousands of acres have been\u00a0legally exempted\u00a0from such analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Across the western U.S.,\u00a0just 20% of relatively high-carbon <a title=\"Science without Borders Challenge 2024\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/science-without-borders-challenge-2024\">forests<\/a>, mostly on federal lands, are protected from logging and mining. A study in the lower 48 states found that 76% of mature and old-growth <a title=\"Africa\u2019s land and forest restoration initiative gathers pace\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/africas-land-and-forest-restoration-initiative-gathers-pace\">forests on federal lands\u00a0are<\/a> vulnerable to logging. Harvesting these <a title=\"Indigenous Trees to Constitute 40% of Rwanda\u2019s Forests in Carbon Trading\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/indigenous-trees-to-constitute-40-of-rwandas-forests-in-carbon-trading\">forests would release about\u00a0half of their aboveground tree carbon\u00a0into<\/a> the atmosphere within one or two decades.<\/p>\n<p>An analysis of\u00a0152 national forests\u00a0across North America found that five <a title=\"Forest fires: North America\u2019s boreal forests are burning a lot, but less than 150 years ago\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/forest-fires-north-americas-boreal-forests-are-burning-a-lot-but-less-than-150-years-ago\">forests in the Pacific Northwest had the highest carbon densities, but just 10% to 20% of these lands were protected at t<\/a>he highest levels. The majority of national forest <a title=\"Protected and Conserved Area Fund\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/protected-and-conserved-area-fund\">area that is mature and old growth is not protected<\/a> from logging, and\u00a0current management plans\u00a0include logging of some of the largest trees still standing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Letting old trees grow<br \/>\n<\/strong>Conserving forests is one of the most effective and lowest-cost options for managing atmospheric carbon dioxide, and mature and old-growth forests do this job most effectively. Protecting and expanding them does not require expensive or complex energy-consuming technologies, unlike some other\u00a0proposed <a title=\"Funding: Climate-resilient Action in African Countries\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/funding-climate-resilient-action-in-african-countries\">climate<\/a> solutions.<\/p>\n<p>Allowing mature and old-growth <a title=\"Extreme wildfires are turning the world\u2019s largest forest ecosystem from carbon sink into net-emitter\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/extreme-wildfires-are-turning-the-worlds-largest-forest-ecosystem-from-carbon-sink-into-net-emitter\">forests to\u00a0continue growing\u00a0will remove from the air and store the largest amount of atmospheric carbon<\/a> in the critical decades ahead. The sooner logging of these forests ceases, the more <a title=\"Technical Manager Climate Projects, Sustainable Technologies (ST) \u2013 Africa\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/technical-manager-climate-projects-sustainable-technologies-st-africa\">climate<\/a> protection they can provide.<\/p>\n<p><em>Richard Birdsey, a former U.S. Forest Service carbon and climate <a title=\"Senior Scientist\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/news\/senior-scientist\">scientist and current senior<\/a> scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, contributed to this article.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forests are an essential part of Earth\u2019s operating system. They reduce the buildup of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation and land degradation\u00a0by 30% each year. This slows global temperature increases and the\u00a0resulting changes to the climate. In the U.S., forests take up\u00a012% of the nation\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions annually\u00a0and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9253"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9263,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9253\/revisions\/9263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/ecosystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}