{"id":4148,"date":"2023-10-07T12:30:10","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T09:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/foresteconomics\/?p=4148"},"modified":"2023-10-07T12:30:10","modified_gmt":"2023-10-07T09:30:10","slug":"the-new-sahel-reforestation-projects-at-risk-due-to-uncontrolled-logging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/foresteconomics\/the-new-sahel-reforestation-projects-at-risk-due-to-uncontrolled-logging\/","title":{"rendered":"The new Sahel reforestation projects at risk due to uncontrolled logging"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>by\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/by\/yannick-kenne-sabre-na-ideyam-georges-messi\/\" rel=\"tag\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Yannick Kenn\u00e9 | Sabr\u00e9 Na-Ideyam | Georges Messi<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"bulletpoints\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Reforestation projects to restore degraded lands in Chad and Cameroon, like the \u201cGreat Green Wall\u201d and the \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d projects, are facing increasing pressure from logging activity.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Facing poverty, war and corrupt local authorities, locals and refugees are cutting trees in new protected areas for firewood or to sell charcoal.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Local environmental defence organizations, officials and administrations who lead these reforestation projects are raising the alarm about the extent of deforestation which is contributing to desertification in these areas.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Despite alternative solutions to excessive logging being proposed and implemented, locals are still harvesting from reforested areas.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>This report was produced with the support of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rainforestjournalismfund.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rainforest Journalism Fund<\/a>\u00a0in partnership with the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Pulitzer Center<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>MOKOLO, Cameroon \u2014 The sun is already beating down this morning, a Saturday in July, at Mansour-Sabongari village.<\/p>\n<p>Young locals sit chatting in the shade of a forest plantation developed by the\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/foretcommunale-cameroun.org\/download\/reboisement-1400\/projet-reboisement1400.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Reforestation 1400<\/a>\u00a0project. The project helped regreen the village\u2019s landscape in northern Cameroon, a savannah with a very hot desert climate \u2014 much to the delight of local residents.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBefore, even during the rainy season, it was hot as soon as the sun came out. Now, we don\u2019t feel the heat as much, and the trees can shade us from the sun,\u201d says Idrissou Saliou, a local resident.<\/p>\n<p>Further out in Gaoui, near Chad\u2019s capital N\u2019Djamena, Roger Alkali relaxes in a reforested garden created by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/08\/progress-is-slow-on-africas-great-green-wall-but-some-bright-spots-bloom\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Great Green Wall<\/a>\u00a0project. By 2030, the project aims to restore 100 million hectares (about 247 million acres) of degraded land across 11 African countries in the Sahel.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can breathe much cleaner air now than in other places. We are called to protect this green barrier to save us from the very hot climate,\u201d says Alkali, a local resident.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273972\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05142449\/Photo-4.jpg\" alt=\"A \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d reforested site in Mansour-Sabongari in Cameroon, now the pride of local residents.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d reforested site in Mansour-Sabongari in Cameroon, now the pride of local residents. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Several initiatives, just like the Reforestation 1400 and the Great Green Wall projects, were launched in these two Central African countries with the aim of restoring deforested sites and combating desertification in the Sahel. As the climate heats up, changes in rainfall patterns can cause longer dry spells on the southern boundaries of the Sahara, stretching the desert further down, and affecting nearly a million people and their livelihoods.<\/p>\n<p>But deforestation of newly reforested areas is a common challenge facing these projects scattered around this hot climate.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome people living nearby still come and secretly cut down trees for firewood,\u201d Alkali shares with Mongabay.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the notable progress of these projects, they still face significant challenges from various pressures, such as corruption, excessive tree felling for charcoal and wood production, as well as frequent bush fires. These factors represent significant threats to these reforested sites meant to combat the effects of deforestation and desertification in the first place.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273973\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273973\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05142835\/Photo-10.jpg\" alt=\"Cassia Siamea, one of the species used for reforesting degraded lands in the \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d project in northern Cameroon.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cassia Siamea, one of the species used for reforesting degraded lands in the \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d project in northern Cameroon. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>Wood: a tool for survival<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Steve Djelassem is a farmer in Gaoui who supplements his income with charcoal manufacturing, especially during the \u2018hungry gap\u2019 season \u2014 the hardest time for farmers when this year\u2019s harvest isn\u2019t yet ready, but last year\u2019s food stocks have run out. To produce charcoal, he obtains large quantities of wood, cut at random, including from protected areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDead [dry] wood is very rare, which is why we have to cut green [fresh] wood to make charcoal. That\u2019s how we earn money to support our families,\u201d confesses the father of three, who is conscious of his activity\u2019s harmful impact on the success of the Great Green Wall project.<\/p>\n<p>He focuses on the \u201csurvival of [his] family\u201d, in a country where 42% of the population lived below the poverty line in 2018, according to World Bank\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.banquemondiale.org\/fr\/country\/chad\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although the Great Green Wall initiatives began with a vision of a green barrier to stop desertification, over the years it has faced criticism over its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2023\/08\/progress-is-slow-on-africas-great-green-wall-but-some-bright-spots-bloom\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">lack of effectiveness<\/a>\u00a0on the continent. In Chad, the project aims to restore a grand 46 million hectares (113 million acres) of degraded land and store millions of tonnes of carbon to fight climate change, but has only restored about 1.2 million hectares (about 3 million acres) \u2014 or 2.6% of the total restoration area, project officials tell Mongabay.<\/p>\n<p>The project vision has now evolved and its current aims are a blend of preventing aridification, combatting climate change and supporting local livelihoods and income through agriculture, beekeeping, agroforestry and animal breeding. However, reforestation challenges persist.<\/p>\n<p>The project suffers setbacks from local residents who continue to cut down trees for charcoal due to a lack of affordable alternatives and people building residential houses on certain reforested sites as the population in an area grows.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273975\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143104\/Photo-5-.jpg\" alt=\"A site of the \u201cGreat Green Wall\u201d project in Din\u00e9o, flooded following torrential rains. \" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A site of the \u201cGreat Green Wall\u201d project in Din\u00e9o, flooded following torrential rains. Image by Saber Na-Ideyam.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wood fuel is the main energy source for Chadian households, the vast majority of whom have limited income to afford domestic gas especially in the midst of inflation. The fight against tree felling is a challenge for the Chadian government authorities, despite the existence of a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/faolex.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/cha15629.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">law<\/a>\u00a0prohibiting it.<\/p>\n<p>The results of a 2011\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/fr\/chad\/blog\/le-rechaud-toumai-une-solution-alternative-au-charbon-de-bois-et-au-gaz-butane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">survey on consumption and the informal sector<\/a>\u00a0carried out by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), reveal that 88.6% of Chadian households use wood as their main energy source for cooking, and 10.9% use charcoal. According to the latest\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/ca0817en\/CA0817EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">data\u00a0<\/a>from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the total consumption of woody biomass is on average 69 793 tonnes per year for the whole population.<\/p>\n<p>Multiple seizure operations are regularly carried out by the Chadian Ministry of the Environment\u2019s Forest and wildlife service agents, but these fail to dissuade locals from continuing to fell trees.<\/p>\n<p>Many initiatives are being carried out by private operators to try to slow down wood cutting, like<a href=\"http:\/\/www.initiativesclimat.org\/Toutes-les-initiatives\/Le-charbon-vert-pour-freiner-la-coupe-du-bois?uri=\/Toutes-les-initiatives?tags=0&amp;dates%5B0%5D=2021&amp;query=&amp;offset=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\u00a0green charcoal<\/a>, a solution launched in 2021 by a local start-up, KAR\u00d6 Entreprise. Using plant waste or agricultural residue to make charcoal, the company produces on average 800 kilograms (1,763 pounds) of green charcoal per day and sells it at lower cost to households. Green charcoal is thriving in certain Chadian households, says Ghislain Bandah Sanki, spokesperson of the new company.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn N\u2019Djamena, everyone who has bought our green charcoal no longer uses conventional charcoal,\u201d he reveals.<\/p>\n<p>But, he puts things into perspective: \u201cMany people are still using charcoal due to lack of information and access to green charcoal, given the lack of financial means for awareness and large-scale production.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273976\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143156\/Photo-8-.jpg\" alt=\"Green charcoal is an alternative to wood cutting in dry savannah areas but remains a small-scale and unsustainable solution.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Green charcoal is an alternative to wood cutting in dry savannah areas but remains a small-scale and unsustainable solution. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In northern Cameroon, the use of firewood is equally worrying and contributes to the degradation of forest cover and further desertification. According to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/articles\/AEbaa-Atyi1602.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">recent study<\/a>\u00a0by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), around 80% of Cameroonians use wood for cooking, and 2.2 million metric tonnes are burned each year.<\/p>\n<p>The scale of deforestation at the national level is best illustrated in the global forest monitoring platform Global Forest Watch, which reveals that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/country\/CMR\/?category=summary&amp;dashboardPrompts=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&amp;location=WyJjb3VudHJ5IiwiQ01SIl0=&amp;map=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&amp;showMap=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Cameroon\u00a0<\/a>lost 1.8 million hectares (4.4 million acres) of its forest cover between 2001 and 2022, while\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/country\/TCD\/?category=summary&amp;dashboardPrompts=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&amp;map=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&amp;showMap=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Chad\u00a0<\/a>lost 605,000 hectares (about 1.5 million acres) over the same period, or 15% of its forest cover since 2000.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273977\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273977\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143235\/Photo-9.jpg\" alt=\"Charcoal sold by women in the N\u2019Djamena markets.\" width=\"750\" height=\"450\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charcoal sold by women in the N\u2019Djamena markets. Image from IAL Tchad Presse.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>Lack of pay, lack of enforcement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Most of this wood used as a household energy source in northern Cameroon comes from protected areas, according to the non-profit organisation Forests and Rural Development (FODER).<\/p>\n<p>The Reforestation 1400 project plantations have technically already\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.foretcommunale-cameroun.org\/download\/Capitalisation\/Rapport_synth%C3%A8se_capitalisation_R1400_05_06_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">more than doubled<\/a>\u00a0their 1,400 hectares (about 3,400 acres) reforestation target. But they are also grappling with how to secure their sites from incoming deforestation, being faced with underfunded local authorities who lack the resources to enfore laws.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are no longer able to monitor land restoration because there is not enough staff and there is no equipment to carry out land audits,\u201d says Nira Gnokreo, water and forestry engineer serving at the delegation of the Cameroonian Ministry of Forests and Wildlife in the far north region.<\/p>\n<p>A lack of resources is also a common problem for the Great Green Wall project in Chad.<\/p>\n<p>Patricia Mba\u00efregogou Melom, head of communications at the National Agency for the Great Green Wall (ANGMV), tells Mongabay that the agency is in a difficult financial situation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have not been able to carry out our field activities and haven\u2019t been able to pay agents\u2019 salaries since 2017,\u201d she says. \u201cThis situation has seriously affected operational capacities and implementation of activities in the field.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273978\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273978\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143313\/Photo-6.jpg\" alt=\"Trees illegally cut down for firewood in the Zamay forest reserve by Nigerian refugees.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees illegally cut down for firewood in the Zamay forest reserve by Nigerian refugees. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The lack of financial resources also poses difficulties in securing these reforested sites because it can provoke corrupt practices, according to the mayor of Mokolo, Vohod Deguime.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen the eco-guards recruited at the start of a project aren\u2019t being paid anymore, they start taking money from local residents to let them access sites to cut wood,\u201d reveals the Mokolo councillor.<\/p>\n<p>Eco-guard corruption also contributed to the decline of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/africa-on-air.com\/environnement\/2023\/07\/lechec-du-programme-sahel-vert-au-cameroun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\u201cOperation Green Sahel,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0the oldest reforestation project in northern Cameroon, launched by the government in the 1970s.<\/p>\n<p>According to an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/stories\/forest-communities-complicity-illegal-loggers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">investigation<\/a>\u00a0published by Le Monde and InfoCongo, other forms of corruption are also at play. When illegal loggers enter forested areas to sell wood in the market, they are working with local elites, authorities, residents and traditional leaders. The cutting of targeted tree species lasts days, even weeks. In return, some farmers pay a financial sum to the entire village through the development committee or other local organisations representing residents.<\/p>\n<p>Due to the difficulty of securing sites, the Zamay forest reserve in Mokolo is disappearing over time following the exploitation of its resources over the last ten years. This 3,500 hectare protected area extends to the town of Minawao, where a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/?s=cameroon+refugee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">camp for Nigerian refugees<\/a>, victims of Boko Haram terrorist attacks, has been set up since 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Once settled in the camp, the refugees turned to the reserve and cut trees for firewood for cooking. This has become commonplace for the 78,000 refugees in the camp living in poverty, in the care of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and many other human rights organisations, explains Isaac Luka, spokesperson for the Minawao camp refugees.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273971\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-273971\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05142013\/Nigerian-refugee-768x512.jpg\" alt=\"A Nigerian refugee from Minawao camp carries a dry tree trunk on his bicycle, which he will use as firewood for cooking at home.\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Nigerian refugee from Minawao camp carries a dry tree trunk on his bicycle, which he will use as firewood for cooking at home. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273981\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143758\/firewood.jpg\" alt=\"Women from Mansour-Sabongari return from the savannah with bundles of wood, fearing possible arrests by agents of the Cameroonian Ministry of Forests and Wildlife. \" width=\"1536\" height=\"867\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women from Mansour-Sabongari return from the savannah with bundles of wood, fearing possible arrests by agents of the Cameroonian Ministry of Forests and Wildlife. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The UNHCR, NGOs, local administrations, private individuals, get food, Luka tells Mongabay, but there are no energy sources to cook with.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe refugees go to the Zamay reserve to cut down trees for cooking because wood is the only energy source, or use green charcoal that we are taught to make,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>He admits that this influx of refugees onto the reserve has considerably contributed to its degradation, and regrets that the forest plantations created on the camp borders with the assistance of numerous environmental defence organisations are already suffering the same fate, despite reforestation awareness campaigns.<\/p>\n<p>Mokolo town hall is responsible for securing this forest reserve and other reforestation projects carried out within the municipality. Beyond logging, these areas are also under permanent threat from bush fires and cattle breeding practiced in the region, which damage planted trees.<\/p>\n<p>Last February, a fire ravaged nearly 40 hectares (about 98 acres) of the Reforestation 1400 project forest plantations in Mansour-Sabongari, \u201ccaused by hunters who use fire to capture small rodents hidden in the ground,\u201d confides Katchala Ngadja, a technical assistant of the Reforestation 1400 project at the Mokolo town hall. These fires are then spread by the region\u2019s strong winds.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273979\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143608\/Photo-3.jpg\" alt=\"In Mokolo, villagers have made cutting and selling firewood a lucrative activity. \" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Mokolo, villagers have made cutting and selling firewood a lucrative activity. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>What will put an end to logging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>According to Gilbert Ha\u00efna, teacher and researcher in environmental sciences at the University of Maroua, a storm of several factors is contributing to the failure of reforestation projects in Sahelian areas. These include strong population growth (which leads to an increase in resource consumption), a strong demand for wood consumption, poverty, the surge in domestic gas prices and slash-and-burn agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>The environmentalist recommends public policies adapted to different countries, suggesting a system of intermittent rationed cutting, focused on cutting rotations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf we had vegetation around the villages, we could schedule cuts on the west side during a given year, then on the east side the following year, which would allow the vegetation to regenerate on both sides on alternate years,\u201d he explains. This should be done while integrating better cutting techniques as clear cutting people are currently doing now contributes to the destruction of vegetation.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_273980\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-273980\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2023\/10\/05143704\/Photo-7.jpg\" alt=\"A forest plantation created near the Minawao refugee camp, which remains threatened by exploitation.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A forest plantation created near the Minawao refugee camp, which remains threatened by exploitation. Image by Yannick Kenn\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by\u00a0 Yannick Kenn\u00e9 | Sabr\u00e9 Na-Ideyam | Georges Messi Reforestation projects to restore degraded lands in Chad and Cameroon, like the \u201cGreat Green Wall\u201d and the \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d projects, are facing increasing pressure from logging activity. Facing poverty, war and corrupt local authorities, locals and refugees are cutting trees in new protected areas for firewood [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[48],"class_list":["post-4148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","tag-forest-protection"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The new Sahel reforestation projects at risk due to uncontrolled logging - Department of Forest and Environment Economics| Sokoine University of Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reforestation projects to restore degraded lands in Chad and Cameroon, like the \u201cGreat Green Wall\u201d and the \u201cReforestation 1400\u201d projects, are facing increasing pressure from logging activity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/foresteconomics\/the-new-sahel-reforestation-projects-at-risk-due-to-uncontrolled-logging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The new Sahel reforestation projects at risk due to uncontrolled logging - 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