{"id":4792,"date":"2024-02-11T21:14:53","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T18:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/foresteconomics\/?p=4792"},"modified":"2024-02-11T21:14:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-11T18:14:53","slug":"agroforestry-rises-as-a-smallholder-powered-climate-solution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz\/foresteconomics\/agroforestry-rises-as-a-smallholder-powered-climate-solution\/","title":{"rendered":"Agroforestry rises as a smallholder-powered climate solution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Across Africa and Asia, new incentive programmes and digital tools are laying the ground for the large-scale deployment of trees in rural landscapes \u2013 particularly among the smallholder farmers that produce a third of our planet\u2019s food. Such efforts hold significant sway on our ability to meet global climate, land, and biodiversity goals.<\/p>\n<p>At a COP28 event organized by the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/\">CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>) and its partner\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.atree.org\/about-us\/\">Ashoka Trust for Research Ecology and the Environment<\/a>\u00a0(ATREE), speakers from Kenya, The Gambia, Cameroon, and India explained how agroforestry is restoring vast swathes of land while improving the livelihoods of smallholders. They also shared how new digital tools and incentives schemes could take those systems to the next level\u2014especially in Africa and Asia, which represent 80 percent of the global population.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNearly nine percent of national climate plans mention agroforestry, but policy, technical, and financial barriers still constrain its uptake, especially in developing countries,\u201d said CIFOR-ICRAF CEO \u00c9liane Ubalijoro, who underscored the need to scale it up as a cost-effective, integrated solution to the crises triggered by unsustainable land use.<\/p>\n<p>Agroforestry, which supports\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/i7374e\/i7374e.pdf\">more than 1.2 billion people<\/a>\u00a0globally, builds soil health, contributes to carbon sequestration, and promotes avoided deforestation and land degradation. And although it is an age-old practice, heeding science\u2014together with local knowledge\u2014is important to realize its potential.<\/p>\n<p><b>New tools for better decisions<\/b><\/p>\n<p>India was a pioneer in implementing a national agroforestry policy, but the low uptake on the ground led researchers to reckon with the obstacles to broader adoption, in particular by small holders. Since 2021, an initiative from the government, in partnership with a consortium led by CIFOR-ICRAF, is working out the best strategies to boost agroforestry for more resilient livelihoods and ecosystems.<\/p>\n<p>The Trees Outside Forests in India (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/tofi\/\">TOFI<\/a>) initiative identified the top three barriers to uptake: water constraints\u2014India is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world; lack of transition finance to incentivize farmers while they wait for seedlings to grow; and a poor selection of tree species, alongside low-quality planting material.<\/p>\n<p>Now, they are working on digital tools to assess the water-carbon tradeoff\u2014vital to avoid planting more trees than water resources can support\u2014 and to guide decisions about land restoration. By inputting data about the location, site conditions, and restoration objectives, the system provides guidance on issues like what species should be planted and at which density.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cProviding farmers with a tool they can use to decide what is appropriate for their land and what is going to give them good results is a way of enabling smallholder tree farming,\u201d said Anuja Malhotra, who participates in the initiative as policy manager at the Centre for Policy Design within the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.atree.org\/about-us\/\">Ashoka Trust for Research for Ecology and the Environment<\/a>\u00a0(ATREE). According to Malhotra, these and other tools, like an annual biodiversity index under development, could potentially inform payments for ecosystem services to help farmers transition into agroforestry systems.<\/p>\n<p>Big data analytics and artificial intelligence can also open new avenues for advancing the agroforestry agenda around the world, pointed out CIFOR-ICRAF India country director\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/staff\/chandrashekhar-biradar\/\">Chandrashekhar Biradar<\/a>, who is also chief of party for the TOFI Initiative.<\/p>\n<p>And for large-scale tree planting projects, the director of ATREE\u2019s Centre for Policy Design, Abi Tamim Vanak, emphasized it is all about getting the right species in the right places\u2014and for the right reasons. Among his pieces of advice: use water budgeting tools like the one developed by TOFI to avoid depleting water resources; use fast-growing, native pioneer species for the initial stages of land restoration; and work to understand local land use systems and user groups.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDesign for equity, keeping all stakeholders in mind, and mitigate risks to the most vulnerable,\u201d said Vanak. \u201cFor tree-planting initiatives to succeed in the long term, local communities need to see benefits accruing directly to them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Sustainable land-based businesses<\/b><\/p>\n<p>In Africa, CIFOR-ICRAF-supported initiatives are helping smallholders build more resilient livelihoods through land restoration and forest conservation efforts, as compared to agricultural practices driving soil degradation and deforestation. The organisation has also worked with national governments in The Gambia, Kenya, Rwanda, and others to develop national agroforestry strategies.<\/p>\n<p>In Cameroon, researchers found that 70 percent of all tree loss inside a community forest had been driven by the establishment of smallholder cacao plantations, according to marketing specialist Divine Foundjem-Tita, who is based in the CIFOR-ICRAF office in Yaounde.<\/p>\n<p>Cameroon is one of the world\u2019s top five cocoa producers, and has plans to scale up its production further. Yet in the absence of any notable yield increases over the past 50 years, such a goal can only be achieved by expanding plantations. Meanwhile, the economic benefits of community forest management are uncertain, meaning that smallholders are likely to continue turning to cocoa plantations to make a living.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.idhsustainabletrade.com\/one-hundred-trees-planted-in-ntui-in-cameroon\/\">ASCOKYB<\/a>, or the Komb\u00e9 Yallongo and Bikong Community Association, was born as a project to help farmers diversify their income by planting trees with high-economic value in their cocoa plantations, while conserving community forests. Trees provide shade and improve soil conditions, which also leads to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldagroforestry.org\/blog\/2021\/02\/25\/road-deforestation-free-cocoa-cameroon\">cocoa<\/a>\u00a0yield increases.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the project supports women-led enterprises like cassava processing. \u201cWe use a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.asb.cgiar.org\/Publications%202018\/Prospects%20for%20Performance.pdf\">performance-based finance system<\/a>, based on mutually-agreed indicators like the number of trees integrated into the farms,\u201d said Foundjem-Tita.\u00a0<span lang=\"EN-US\">In such an approach,\u00a0 finance is only accessed if and when agreed-upon performance indicators are met and supported by evidence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Surpassing land restoration goals<\/b><\/p>\n<p>In The Gambia, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ebagambiawebsite.com\/\">Large-Scale Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Project<\/a>\u00a0(EbA) is harnessing trees to restore thousands of hectares of degraded land, whilst supporting the development of local nature-based enterprises that provide local women and men with alternative sources of income, such as beekeeping, raising guinea fowls, and selling animal feed. It has also prompted the development of a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.worldagroforestry.org\/downloads\/Publications\/PDFS\/RP22029.pdf\">national agroforestry strategy<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The country of 2.5 million inhabitants is highly vulnerable to climate change and suffers from high rates of land degradation. That, and the fact that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.worldagroforestry.org\/downloads\/Publications\/PDFS\/RP22029.pdf\">45 percent<\/a>\u00a0of the population rely on crop and livestock husbandry for their livelihoods, made agroforestry a priority.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forestsnews.cifor.org\/75619\/scientists-urge-action-as-gambian-livestock-grazing-puts-forests-at-risk?fnl=\">challenges<\/a>, the project has already surpassed the initial restoration goals and reached more than 1,000 small holder farmers in 60 community forests and community protected areas, who have planted climate-resilient tree species across 1,400 hectares. \u201cWe work with farmers to identify what tree species to plant, where; then, we implement a performance-based system to incentivize best soil and water management practices,\u201d said project manager Malanding Jaiteh.<\/p>\n<p>Across Africa,\u00a0<span lang=\"EN-US\">CIFOR-ICRAF is also leading the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/gtci\/\">Green Tree Commodities Initiative<\/a>\u00a0(GTCI)\u00a0<span lang=\"EN-US\">which aims to transform tree commodity systems to incentivize restoration.<\/span>\u00a0\u201cT<span lang=\"EN-US\">ree commodities offer massive potential for both restoration and economic transformation,\u201d said CIFOR-ICRAF\u2019s director for Africa, Peter Minang. \u201cThe continent leads in the production of cocoa, cashew, shea, and gum arabica, which with the right investment in production, processing, and marketing can alleviate poverty and aid the continent in meeting its national, regional and global restoration commitments.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>CIFOR-ICRAF is also leading the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/regreeningafrica.org\/\">Regreening Africa project<\/a>\u00a0to restore ecosystems in eight additional countries to improve the resilience of 500,000 households across sub-Saharan Africa. \u201cAgroforestry is an old practice that, besides having an impressive history, also has a bright future,\u201d concluded Ubalijoro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Across Africa and Asia, new incentive programmes and digital tools are laying the ground for the large-scale deployment of trees in rural landscapes \u2013 particularly among the smallholder farmers that produce a third of our planet\u2019s food. Such efforts hold significant sway on our ability to meet global climate, land, and biodiversity goals. At a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Agroforestry rises as a smallholder-powered climate solution - Department of Forest and Environment Economics| Sokoine University of Agriculture<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Across Africa and Asia, new incentive programmes and digital tools are laying the ground for the large-scale deployment of trees in rural landscapes \u2013 particularly among the smallholder farmers that produce a third of our planet\u2019s food. 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